Context Effects on Habituation to Disgust-Relevant Stimuli

Autor/inn/en	Viar-Paxton, Megan A.; Olatunji, Bunmi O.
Titel	Context Effects on Habituation to Disgust-Relevant Stimuli
Quelle	In: Behavior Modification, 36 (2012) 5, S.705-722 (18 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0145-4455
DOI	10.1177/0145445512446189
Schlagwörter	Evidence; Context Effect; Fear; Cues; Habituation; Therapy; Anxiety Disorders; Prevention; Conditioning; Stimuli; Emotional Disturbances; Physiology; Outcomes of Treatment; Behavior Modification + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Evidenz; Furcht; Stichwort; Therapie; Prävention; Vorbeugung; Anreizsystem; Gefühlsstörung; Physiologie; Behaviour modification; Verhaltensänderung
Abstract	Although exposure-based treatments appear to be efficacious for the treatment of anxiety-related disorders, many individuals experience a renewal of the original fear response at follow-up. In an effort to prevent fear renewal, researchers have begun to use exposure of the conditioned stimulus in different contexts during extinction. Although studies continue to accumulate, showing that conducting exposure in multiple contexts buffers against the renewal of distress responses to fear-relevant stimuli, it remains unclear how conducting exposure in multiple contexts affects the renewal of distress responses to disgust-relevant stimuli. In the present study, participants (N = 52) were randomized to repeated presentations of disgust stimuli (vomiting in a toilet) in a single context or multiple contexts. Results revealed that those in the single context condition reported less distress after the exposure manipulation compared with the multiple context condition. Although there were no significant group differences in distress toward a novel disgust stimulus, the single context condition reported greater distress renewal than the multiple context condition. Furthermore, individuals in the multiple context condition showed significant reductions in distress at 1-week follow-up whereas distress in the single context condition remained stable. Subsequent analyses also provided moderate evidence for an effect of the disgust context manipulation on physiological arousal and disgust propensity, but not disgust-related behavioral avoidance. These findings offer preliminary evidence that renewal of distress toward disgust cues can be attenuated by conducting extinction in multiple contexts. (Contains 1 note, 1 table and 4 figures.) (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10