Time-of-Day Effects in Arousal: Disrupted Diurnal Cortisol Profiles in Children with ADHD

Autor/inn/en	Imeraj, Lindita; Antrop, Inge; Roeyers, Herbert; Swanson, James; Deschepper, Ellen; Bal, Sarah; Deboutte, Dirk
Titel	Time-of-Day Effects in Arousal: Disrupted Diurnal Cortisol Profiles in Children with ADHD
Quelle	In: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53 (2012) 7, S.782-789 (8 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0021-9630
DOI	10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02526.x
Schlagwörter	Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Control Groups; Profiles; Symptoms (Individual Disorders); Children; Comparative Analysis; Longitudinal Studies; Time; Measures (Individuals); Factor Analysis; Evaluation Methods + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Charakterisierung; Profilanalyse; Psychiatrische Symptomatik; Child; Kind; Kinder; Longitudinal study; Longitudinal method; Longitudinal methods; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Zeit; Messdaten; Faktorenanalyse
Abstract	Background: Fluctuations in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms related to regulatory deficits in arousal states are themselves characterized by circadian rhythms. Although cortisol is an important circadian arousal-related marker, studies focusing on across-the-day cortisol variations in ADHD are scarce. There is no study with multiple measurements to take into account interday and intraday variability. Methods: Salivary cortisol was sampled five times a day (awakening, 30 min after awakening, noon, 4 p.m., 8 p.m.) across five consecutive days in 33 children with ADHD (22 with and 11 without oppositional defiant disorder; ODD) and 33 class- and sex-matched controls (aged 6-12). The cortisol awakening response (increase from awakening to 30 min after awakening) and the diurnal cortisol profile (across-the-day variations) were compared for ADHD with ODD (ADHD + ODD) and without ODD (ADHD) subgroups and the control group. Results: The cortisol awakening response was not significantly different between groups. However, longitudinal analyses to evaluate cortisol profiles across the day revealed a significant Group x Time effect (p less than 0.001). More specifically, compared to each other, the ADHD subgroup showed a flatter slope with relative morning hypo-arousal and evening hyperarousal, whereas the ADHD + ODD subgroup showed a steeper slope with relative morning hyperarousal and evening hypo-arousal (p less than 0.001). Conclusions: Findings support time-related arousal disruptions in children with ADHD associated with the presence or absence of ODD comorbidity. We recommend research on cortisol in larger samples for a better understanding of arousal mechanisms involved in ADHD not only with and without ODD but also with other comorbidities which may have implications for timing of arousal-based treatments. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10