Attentional Set-Shifting in Fragile X Syndrome

Autor/inn/en	Van der Molen, M. J. W.; Van der Molen, M. W.; Ridderinkhof, K. R.; Hamel, B. C. J.; Curfs, L. M. G.; Ramakers, G. J. A.
Titel	Attentional Set-Shifting in Fragile X Syndrome
Quelle	In: Brain and Cognition, 78 (2012) 3, S.206-217 (12 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0278-2626
DOI	10.1016/j.bandc.2011.12.008
Schlagwörter	Mental Age; Down Syndrome; Scoring; Cognitive Processes; Males; Correlation; Investigations; Child Development; Decision Making; Neurology; Stimuli; Models; Control Groups; Learning; Disabilities + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Geistige Beweglichkeit; 'Downs Syndrome; Down''s Syndrome'; Down-Syndrom; Bewertung; Cognitive process; Kognitiver Prozess; Male; Männliches Geschlecht; Korrelation; Untersuchung; Kindesentwicklung; Decision-making; Entscheidungsfindung; Neurologie; Anreizsystem; Analogiemodell; Lernen; Handicap; Behinderung
Abstract	The ability to flexibly adapt to the changing demands of the environment is often reported as a core deficit in fragile X syndrome (FXS). However, the cognitive processes that determine this attentional set-shifting deficit remain elusive. The present study investigated attentional set-shifting ability in fragile X syndrome males with the well-validated intra/extra dimensional set-shifting paradigm (IED) which offers detailed assessment of rule learning, reversal learning, and attentional set-shifting ability within and between stimulus dimensions. A novel scoring method for IED stage errors was employed to interpret set-shifting failure in terms of repetitive decision-making, distraction to irrelevance, and set-maintenance failure. Performance of FXS males was compared to typically developing children matched on mental age, adults matched on chronological age, and individuals with Down syndrome matched on both mental and chronological age. Results revealed that a significant proportion of FXS males already failed prior to the intra-dimensional set-shift stage, whereas all control participants successfully completed the stages up to the crucial extra-dimensional set-shift. FXS males showed a specific weakness in reversal learning, which was characterized by repetitive decision-making during the reversal of newly acquired stimulus-response associations in the face of simple stimulus configurations. In contrast, when stimulus configurations became more complex, FXS males displayed increased distraction to irrelevant stimuli. These findings are interpreted in terms of the cognitive demands imposed by the stages of the IED in relation to the alleged neural deficits in FXS. (Contains 4 figures and 4 tables.) (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10