Hindsight Bias from 3 to 95 Years of Age

Autor/inn/en	Bernstein, Daniel M.; Erdfelder, Edgar; Meltzoff, Andrew N.; Peria, William; Loftus, Geoffrey R.
Titel	Hindsight Bias from 3 to 95 Years of Age
Quelle	In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37 (2011) 2, S.378-391 (14 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0278-7393
DOI	10.1037/a0021971
Schlagwörter	Theory of Mind; Perspective Taking; Problem Solving; Memory; Cognitive Development; Probability; Comparative Analysis; Experiments; Age Groups; Preschool Children; Older Adults + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Zukunftsperspektive; Problemlösen; Gedächtnis; Kognitive Entwicklung; Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung; Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie; Erprobung; Age grop; Altersgruppe; Pre-school age; Preschool age; Child; Children; Pre-school education; Preschool education; Vorschulalter; Kind; Kinder; Vorschulkind; Vorschulkinder; Vorschulerziehung; Vorschule; Älterer Erwachsener
Abstract	Upon learning the outcome to a problem, people tend to believe that they knew it all along ("hindsight bias"). Here, we report the first study to trace the development of hindsight bias across the life span. One hundred ninety-four participants aged 3 to 95 years completed 3 tasks designed to measure visual and verbal hindsight bias. All age groups demonstrated hindsight bias on all 3 tasks; however, preschoolers and older adults exhibited more bias than older children and younger adults. Multinomial processing tree analyses of these data revealed that preschoolers' enhanced hindsight bias resulted from them substituting the correct answer for their original answer in their recall (a qualitative error). Conversely, older adults' enhanced hindsight bias resulted from them forgetting their original answer and recalling an answer closer to, but not equal to, the correct answer (a quantitative error). We discuss these findings in relation to mechanisms of memory, perspective taking, theory of mind, and executive function. (Contains 2 tables, 4 figures and 4 footnotes.) (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10