Individual Differences in Cognitive-Flexibility: The Influence of Spontaneous Eyeblink Rate, Trait Psychoticism and Working Memory on Attentional Set-Shifting

Autor/inn/en	Tharp, Ian J.; Pickering, Alan D.
Titel	Individual Differences in Cognitive-Flexibility: The Influence of Spontaneous Eyeblink Rate, Trait Psychoticism and Working Memory on Attentional Set-Shifting
Quelle	In: Brain and Cognition, 75 (2011) 2, S.119-125 (7 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0278-2626
DOI	10.1016/j.bandc.2010.10.010
Schlagwörter	Individual Differences; Short Term Memory; Cognitive Ability; Eye Movements; Psychosis; Genetics; Role; Biochemistry; Brain Hemisphere Functions; Attention Control + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Individueller Unterschied; Kurzzeitgedächtnis; Denkfähigkeit; Augenbewegung; Psychose; Humangenetik; Rollen; Biochemie; Aufmerksamkeitstest
Abstract	Individual differences in psychophysiological function have been shown to influence the balance between flexibility and distractibility during attentional set-shifting [e.g., Dreisbach et al. (2005). Dopamine and cognitive control: The influence of spontaneous eyeblink rate and dopamine gene polymorphisms on perseveration and distractibility. "Behavioral Neuroscience, 119"(2), 483-490]. Here we replicate both the facilitatory and detrimental influence of spontaneous eyeblink rate upon switch costs across the two distinct conditions of a set-shifting task. We extend this by presenting additional, putatively dopamine related, individual differences that also influence attentional control. Whereas trait psychoticism showed a pattern of effects opposite to that of eyeblink rate, greater working memory served to decrease switch costs across both conditions. These results highlight the need for further exploration of the role of dopaminergic neurotransmission and component processes involved in such attentional paradigms, and illustrates the importance of considering individual differences in cognitive control. (Contains 1 table and 3 figures.) (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10