Polymorphisms in Dopamine System Genes Are Associated with Individual Differences in Attention in Infancy

Autor/inn/en	Holmboe, Karla; Nemoda, Zsofia; Fearon, R. M. Pasco; Csibra, Gergely; Sasvari-Szekely, Maria; Johnson, Mark H.
Titel	Polymorphisms in Dopamine System Genes Are Associated with Individual Differences in Attention in Infancy
Quelle	In: Developmental Psychology, 46 (2010) 2, S.404-416 (13 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0012-1649
DOI	10.1037/a0018180
Schlagwörter	Foreign Countries; Infants; Attention; Genetics; Biochemistry; Individual Differences; Brain Hemisphere Functions; Task Analysis; Diagnostic Tests; Statistical Analysis; Stimuli; Cognitive Ability; Performance; United Kingdom (London) + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Ausland; Infant; Toddler; Toddlers; Kleinkind; Aufmerksamkeit; Humangenetik; Biochemie; Individueller Unterschied; Aufgabenanalyse; Diagnostic test; Diagnostischer Test; Statistische Analyse; Anreizsystem; Denkfähigkeit; Achievement; Leistung
Abstract	Knowledge about the functional status of the frontal cortex in infancy is limited. This study investigated the effects of polymorphisms in four dopamine system genes on performance in a task developed to assess such functioning, the Freeze-Frame task, at 9 months of age. Polymorphisms in the catechol-O-methyltransferase ("COMT") and the dopamine D4 receptor ("DRD4") genes are likely to impact directly on the functioning of the frontal cortex, whereas polymorphisms in the dopamine D2 receptor ("DRD2") and dopamine transporter ("DAT1") genes might influence frontal cortex functioning indirectly via strong frontostriatal connections. A significant effect of the "COMT" valine[superscript 158]methionine (Val[superscript 158]Met) polymorphism was found. Infants with the Met/Met genotype were significantly less distractible than infants with the Val/Val genotype in Freeze-Frame trials presenting an engaging central stimulus. In addition, there was an interaction with the "DAT1" 3[prime] variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism; the "COMT" effect was present only in infants who did not have two copies of the "DAT1" 10-repeat allele. These findings indicate that dopaminergic polymorphisms affect selective aspects of attention as early as infancy and further validate the Freeze-Frame task as a frontal cortex task. (Contains 1 footnote, 2 tables and 1 figure.) (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10