Rethinking Environmental Contributions to Child and Adolescent Psychopathology: A Meta-Analysis of Shared Environmental Influences

Autor/in	Burt, S. Alexandra
Titel	Rethinking Environmental Contributions to Child and Adolescent Psychopathology: A Meta-Analysis of Shared Environmental Influences
Quelle	In: Psychological Bulletin, 135 (2009) 4, S.608-637 (30 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0033-2909
DOI	10.1037/a0015702
Schlagwörter	Siblings; Hyperactivity; Psychopathology; Genetics; Environmental Influences; Depression (Psychology); Attention Deficit Disorders; Children; Adolescents; Meta Analysis; Twins; Adoption; Behavior Disorders; Anxiety; Age Differences; Gender Differences; Research Methodology; Statistical Analysis + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Sibling; Geschwister; Hyperaktivität; Psychopathologie; Humangenetik; Environmental influence; Umwelteinfluss; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ADHS; Aufmerksamkeits-Defizit-Hyperaktivitäts-Störung; Aufmerksamkeitsstörung; Child; Kind; Kinder; Adolescent; Adolescence; Adoleszenz; Jugend; Jugendalter; Jugendlicher; Meta-analysis; Metaanalyse; Twin; Zwilling; Angst; Age; Difference; Age difference; Altersunterschied; Geschlechterkonflikt; Research method; Forschungsmethode; Statistische Analyse
Abstract	Behavioral genetic research has concluded that the more important environmental influences result in differences between siblings (referred to as "nonshared"; "e[superscript 2]"), whereas environmental influences that create similarities between siblings (referred to as "shared"; "c[superscript 2]") are indistinguishable from zero. However, there is mounting evidence that during childhood and adolescence, "c[superscript 2]" may make important contributions to most forms of psychopathology. The aim of the meta-analysis was to empirically confirm this hypothesis. The author examined twin and adoption studies (n = 490) of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology prior to adulthood. Analyses revealed that "c[superscript 2]" accounted for 10%-19% of the variance within conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, anxiety, depression, and broad internalizing and externalizing disorders, regardless of their operationalization. When age, informant, and sex effects were considered, "c[superscript 2]" generally ranged from 10%-30% of the variance. Importantly, "c[superscript 2]" estimates did not vary across twin and adoption studies, suggesting that these estimates reflect actual environmental influences common to siblings. The only exception was attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, which appeared to be largely genetic (and particularly nonadditive genetic) in origin. Conceptual, methodological, and clinical implications of these findings are discussed. (Contains 6 tables, 7 figures and 9 footnotes.) (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10