Simulating Single Word Processing in the Classic Aphasia Syndromes Based on the Wernicke-Lichtheim-Geschwind Theory

Autor/inn/en	Weems, Scott A.; Reggia, James A.
Titel	Simulating Single Word Processing in the Classic Aphasia Syndromes Based on the Wernicke-Lichtheim-Geschwind Theory
Quelle	In: Brain and Language, 98 (2006) 3, S.291-309 (19 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0093-934X
DOI	10.1016/j.bandl.2006.06.001
Schlagwörter	Aphasia; Brain Hemisphere Functions; Word Recognition; Theories; Models; Language Acquisition; Visual Perception; Auditory Perception; Simulation; Hearing (Physiology); Language Processing; Communication Disorders; Vision; Vocabulary Skills + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Expressive Aphasie; Aphasie; Worterkennung; Theory; Theorie; Analogiemodell; Sprachaneignung; Spracherwerb; Visuelle Wahrnehmung; Auditive Wahrnehmung; Akustische Wahrnehmung; Akustik; Simulation program; Simulationsprogramm; Gehör; Hören; Sprachverarbeitung; Kommunikationsstörung; Aktiver Wortschatz
Abstract	The Wernicke-Lichtheim-Geschwind (WLG) theory of the neurobiological basis of language is of great historical importance, and it continues to exert a substantial influence on most contemporary theories of language in spite of its widely recognized limitations. Here, we suggest that neurobiologically grounded computational models based on the WLG theory can provide a deeper understanding of which of its features are plausible and where the theory fails. As a first step in this direction, we created a model of the interconnected left and right neocortical areas that are most relevant to the WLG theory, and used it to study visual-confrontation naming, auditory repetition, and auditory comprehension performance. No specific functionality is assigned a priori to model cortical regions, other than that implicitly present due to their locations in the cortical network and a higher learning rate in left hemisphere regions. Following learning, the model successfully simulates confrontation naming and word repetition, and acquires a unique internal representation in parietal regions for each named object. Simulated lesions to the language-dominant cortical regions produce patterns of single word processing impairment reminiscent of those postulated historically in the classic aphasia syndromes. These results indicate that WLG theory, instantiated as a simple interconnected network of model neocortical regions familiar to any neuropsychologist/neurologist, captures several fundamental "low-level" aspects of neurobiological word processing and their impairment in aphasia. (Author).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10