Safety in Numbers: How Social Choice Theory Can Inform Avalanche Risk Management

Autor/inn/en	Ebert, Philip A.; Morreau, Michael
Titel	Safety in Numbers: How Social Choice Theory Can Inform Avalanche Risk Management
Quelle	In: Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 23 (2023) 3, S.340-356 (17 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Ebert, Philip A.) ORCID (Morreau, Michael)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1472-9679
DOI	10.1080/14729679.2021.2012216
Schlagwörter	Natural Disasters; Risk Management; Vignettes; Outdoor Education; Decision Making; Cognitive Processes; Social Behavior; Recreational Activities; Group Dynamics; Social Theories; Adventure Education; Social Sciences; Safety; Intelligence; Personal Autonomy; Check Lists + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Natural disaster; Naturkatastrophe; Risikomanagement; Freiluftunterricht; Decision-making; Entscheidungsfindung; Cognitive process; Kognitiver Prozess; Social behaviour; Soziales Verhalten; Freizeitgestaltung; Gruppendynamik; Gesellschaftstheorie; Adventure pedagogics; Abenteuerpädagogik; Erlebnispädagogik; Social science; Sozialwissenschaften; Gesellschaftswissenschaften; Sicherheit; Intelligenz; Klugheit; Individuelle Autonomie; Checkliste
Abstract	Avalanche studies have undergone a transition in recent years. Early research focused mainly on environmental factors. More recently, attention has turned to human factors in decision making, such as behavioural and cognitive biases. This article adds a "social" component to this human turn in avalanche studies. It identifies lessons for decision making by groups of skiers from the perspective of social choice theory, a sub-field of economics, decision theory, philosophy and political science that investigates voting methods and other forms of collective decision making. In the first part, we outline the phenomenon of "wisdom of crowds," where groups make better decisions than their individual members. Drawing on the conceptual apparatus of social choice theory and using idealised scenarios, we identify conditions under which wisdom of crowds arises and also explain how and when deciding together can instead result in worse decisions than may be expected from individual group members. In the second part, we use this theoretical understanding to offer practical suggestions for decision making in avalanche terrain. Finally, we make several suggestions for risk management in other outdoor and adventure sports and for outdoor sports education. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01