Differences in a Musician's Advantage for Speech-in-Speech Perception Based on Age and Task

Autor/inn/en	Cohn, Michelle; Barreda, Santiago; Zellou, Georgia
Titel	Differences in a Musician's Advantage for Speech-in-Speech Perception Based on Age and Task
Quelle	In: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 66 (2023) 2, S.545-564 (20 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Cohn, Michelle)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1092-4388
Schlagwörter	Musicians; Auditory Perception; Acoustics; Age Differences; Attention Control; Listening; Vowels; Interference (Language) + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Musiker; Auditive Wahrnehmung; Akustische Wahrnehmung; Akustik; Age; Difference; Age difference; Altersunterschied; Aufmerksamkeitstest; Hörvorgang; Zuhören
Abstract	Purpose: This study investigates the debate that musicians have an advantage in speech-in-noise perception from years of targeted auditory training. We also consider the effect of age on any such advantage, comparing musicians and nonmusicians (age range: 18-66 years), all of whom had normal hearing. We manipulate the degree of fundamental frequency (f[subscript o]) separation between the competing talkers, as well as use different tasks, to probe attentional differences that might shape a musician's advantage across ages. Method: Participants (ranging in age from 18 to 66 years) included 29 musicians and 26 nonmusicians. They completed two tasks varying in attentional demands: (a) a selective attention task where listeners identify the target sentence presented with a one-talker interferer (Experiment 1), and (b) a divided attention task where listeners hear two vowels played simultaneously and identify both competing vowels (Experiment 2). In both paradigms, f[subscript o] separation was manipulated between the two voices ([delta]f[subscript o] = 0, 0.156, 0.306, 1, 2, 3 semitones). Results: Results show that increasing differences in f[subscript o] separation lead to higher accuracy on both tasks. Additionally, we find evidence for a musician's advantage across the two studies. In the sentence identification task, younger adult musicians show higher accuracy overall, as well as a stronger reliance on f[subscript o] separation. Yet, this advantage declines with musicians' age. In the double vowel identification task, musicians of all ages show an across-the-board advantage in detecting two vowels--and use f[subscript o] separation more to aid in stream separation--but show no consistent difference in double vowel identification. Conclusions: Overall, we find support for a hybrid auditory encoding-attention account of music-to-speech transfer. The musician's advantage includes f[subscript o], but the benefit also depends on the attentional demands in the task and listeners' age. Taken together, this study suggests a complex relationship between age, musical experience, and speech-in-speech paradigm on a musician's advantage. (As Provided).
Anmerkungen	American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 2200 Research Blvd #250, Rockville, MD 20850. Tel: 301-296-5700; Fax: 301-296-8580; e-mail: slhr@asha.org; Web site: http://jslhr.pubs.asha.org
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01