Do Executive Attentional Processes Uniquely or Commonly Explain Psychometric "g" and Correlations in the Positive Manifold? A Structural Equation Modeling and Network-Analysis Approach to Investigate the Process Overlap Theory

Autor/inn/en	Troche, Stefan J.; von Gugelberg, Helene M.; Pahud, Olivier; Rammsayer, Thomas H.
Titel	Do Executive Attentional Processes Uniquely or Commonly Explain Psychometric "g" and Correlations in the Positive Manifold? A Structural Equation Modeling and Network-Analysis Approach to Investigate the Process Overlap Theory
Quelle	In: Journal of Intelligence, 9 (2021), Artikel 37 (17 Seiten) PDF als Volltext kostenfreie Datei Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Troche, Stefan J.) ORCID (von Gugelberg, Helene M.)
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	2079-3200
Schlagwörter	Executive Function; Attention Control; Psychometrics; Intelligence Tests; Correlation; Cognitive Processes; Reaction Time; Memory; Adults; Task Analysis; Structural Equation Models; Network Analysis + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Aufmerksamkeitstest; Psychometry; Psychometrie; Intelligence test; Intelligenztest; Korrelation; Cognitive process; Kognitiver Prozess; Reaktionsvermögen; Gedächtnis; Aufgabenanalyse; Netzplantechnik
Abstract	One of the best-established findings in intelligence research is the pattern of positive correlations among various intelligence tests. Although this so-called positive manifold became the conceptual foundation of many theoretical accounts of intelligence, the very nature of it has remained unclear. Only recently, "Process Overlap Theory" (POT) proposed that the positive manifold originated from overlapping domain-general, executive processes. To test this assumption, the functional relationship between different aspects of executive attention and the positive manifold was investigated by re-analyzing an existing dataset (N = 228). Psychometric reasoning, speed, and memory performance were assessed by a short form of the Berlin Intelligence Structure test. Two aspects of executive attention (sustained and selective attention) and speed of decision making were measured by a continuous performance test, a flanker task, and a Hick task, respectively. Traditional structural equation modeling, representing the positive manifold by a "g" factor, as well as network analyses, investigating the differential effects of the two aspects of executive attention and speed of decision making on the specific correlations of the positive manifold, suggested that selective attention, sustained attention, and speed of decision making explained the common but not the unique portions of the positive manifold. Thus, we failed to provide evidence for POT's assumption that the positive manifold is the result of overlapping domain-general processes. This does not mean that domain-general processes other than those investigated here will not be able to show the pattern of results predicted by POT. (As Provided).
Anmerkungen	MDPI AG. Klybeckstrasse 64, 4057 Basel, Switzerland. e-mail: indexing@mdpi.com; e-mail: jintelligence@mdpi.com; Web site: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jintelligence
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01