German Fascism, Soviet Communism, and Latvian Nationalism in the Education of Latvia (1940-1944)

Autor/inn/en	Kestere, Iveta; Ozola, Iveta
Titel	German Fascism, Soviet Communism, and Latvian Nationalism in the Education of Latvia (1940-1944)
Quelle	In: Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education, 56 (2020) 5, S.624-641 (18 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0030-9230
DOI	10.1080/00309230.2019.1669678
Schlagwörter	Social Systems; Authoritarianism; Social Change; Foreign Countries; Educational History; Nationalism; Foreign Policy; Social Attitudes; Political Attitudes; Educational Change; Teacher Attitudes; Periodicals; War; Armed Forces; Latvia + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Social system; Soziales System; Autoritarismus; Sozialer Wandel; Ausland; History of education; Bildungsgeschichte; Nationalismus; Außenpolitik; Social attidude; Soziale Einstellung; Political attitude; Politische Einstellung; Bildungsreform; Lehrerverhalten; Periodical; Journal; Zeitschrift; Fachzeitschrift; Periodikum; Krieg; Military; Militär; Lettland
Abstract	This article focuses on the position of leading Latvian pedagogues in cooperation with Nazi occupiers and the paradoxical transformation of Latvian nationalism into resistance against fascism and communism. Latvian attitudes towards Nazism were formed during Soviet occupation in 1940 when Latvian society, especially the intelligentsia, suffered under severe Communist oppression. Upon occupation by the Nazis in July 1941, teachers expected to return to the "good old days" of the nation state. However, the new occupiers had their own agenda, which did not coincide with Latvian interests. We discuss planned Nazi reforms for the Latvian education system and Latvian pedagogues' interpretations of the Nazi concept "Volksgemeinschaft" by comparing the Education Monthly (EM) journal published from 1937 to 1939 with EM published from 1942 to 1944. We conclude that Latvian pedagogues viewed "Volksgemeinschaft" and its associated reforms as a means to unify the Latvian nation and protect it from external enemies -- communists as well as Nazis. Although the Nazis hoped that "Volksgemeinschaft" would be a monolithic concept in pedagogy, opportunities for interpretation existed and Latvians as far as possible adapted it to suit their own national interests. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01