Sensitivity to the Evaluation of Others Emerges by 24 Months

Autor/inn/en	Botto, Sara Valencia; Rochat, Philippe
Titel	Sensitivity to the Evaluation of Others Emerges by 24 Months
Quelle	In: Developmental Psychology, 54 (2018) 9, S.1723-1734 (12 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0012-1649
DOI	10.1037/dev0000548
Schlagwörter	Child Development; Developmental Stages; Toddlers; Attention; Audiences; Age Differences; Value Judgment; Social Cognition; Social Development; Perception; Visual Stimuli; Inhibition; Toys; Self Concept; Reputation + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Kindesentwicklung; Infant; Infants; Toddler; Kleinkind; Aufmerksamkeit; Spectator; Zuschauer; Age; Difference; Age difference; Altersunterschied; Werturteil; Soziale Kognition; Soziale Entwicklung; Wahrnehmung; Hemmung; Toy; Spielzeug; Selbstkonzept
Abstract	Although the human proclivity to engage in impression management and care for reputation is ubiquitous, the question of its developmental outset remains open. In 4 studies, we demonstrate that the sensitivity to the evaluation of others (i.e., evaluative audience perception) is manifest by 24 months. In a first study, 14- to 24-month-old children (N = 49) were tested in situations in which the attention of an audience was systematically manipulated. Results showed that when the experimenter was inattentive, as opposed to attentive, children were more likely to explore an attractive toy. A second study (N = 31) explored whether same-aged children would consider not only the attention of the experimenter but also the values the experimenter expressed for two different outcomes when exploring a toy. We found that children reproduced outcomes that were positively valued by the experimenter significantly more when the experimenter was attentive but were more likely to reproduce negatively valued outcomes when the experimenter was inattentive. A third control study (N = 30) showed that the significant effect of Study 2 disappeared in the absence of different values. Lastly, Study 4 (N = 34) replicated and extended the phenomenon by showing toddler's propensity to modify their behavior in the presence of 2 different experimenters, depending on both the experimenter's evaluation of an outcome and their attention. Overall, these data provide the first convergent demonstration of evaluative audience perception in young children that precedes the full-fledged normative, mentalizing, and strong conformity psychology documented in 4- to 5-year-old children. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2020/1/01