Keep Listening: Grammatical Context Reduces but Does Not Eliminate Activation of Unexpected Words

Autor/inn/en	Strand, Julia F.; Brown, Violet A.; Brown, Hunter E.; Berg, Jeffrey J.
Titel	Keep Listening: Grammatical Context Reduces but Does Not Eliminate Activation of Unexpected Words
Quelle	In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 44 (2018) 6, S.962-973 (12 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Strand, Julia F.)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0278-7393
DOI	10.1037/xlm0000488
Schlagwörter	Grammar; Listening Comprehension; Oral Language; Eye Movements; Phonetics; Phonology; Acoustics; Auditory Perception; Context Effect; English; Visual Stimuli; Two Year College Students; Auditory Stimuli; Statistical Analysis; Minnesota + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Grammatik; Hörverständnis; Oral interpretation; Mündlicher Sprachgebrauch; Augenbewegung; Phonetik; Fonetik; Fonologie; Akustik; Auditive Wahrnehmung; Akustische Wahrnehmung; English language; Englisch; Auditive Stimulation; Statistische Analyse
Abstract	To understand spoken language, listeners combine acoustic-phonetic input with expectations derived from context (Dahan & Magnuson, 2006). Eye-tracking studies on semantic context have demonstrated that the activation levels of competing lexical candidates depend on the relative strengths of the bottom-up input and top-down expectations (cf. Dahan & Tanenhaus, 2004). In the grammatical realm, however, graded effects of context on lexical competition have been predicted (Magnuson, Tanenhaus, & Aslin, 2008), but not demonstrated. In the current eye-tracking study, participants were presented with target words in grammatically unconstraining (e.g., "The word is . . . ") or constraining (e.g., "They thought about the . . .") contexts. In the grammatically constrained, identity-spliced trials, in which phonetic information from one token of the target was spliced into another token of the target, fixations to the competitor did not differ from those to distractors. However, in the grammatically constrained, cross-spliced trials, in which phonetic information from the competitor was cross-spliced into the target to increase bottom-up support for that competitor, participants fixated more on contextually inappropriate competitors than phonologically unrelated distractors, demonstrating that sufficiently strong acoustic-phonetic input can overcome contextual constraints. Thus, although grammatical context constrains lexical activation, listeners remain sensitive to the bottom-up input. Taken together, these results suggest that lexical activation is dependent upon the interplay of acoustic-phonetic input and top-down expectations derived from grammatical context. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2020/1/01