A Longitudinal Twin Study of General Cognitive Ability over Four Decades

Autor/inn/en	Lyons, Michael J.; Panizzon, Matthew S.; Liu, Weijian; McKenzie, Ruth; Bluestone, Noah J.; Grant, Michael D.; Franz, Carol E.; Vuoksimaa, Eero P.; Toomey, Rosemary; Jacobson, Kristen C.; Reynolds, Chandra A.; Kremen, William S.; Xian, Hong
Titel	A Longitudinal Twin Study of General Cognitive Ability over Four Decades
Quelle	In: Developmental Psychology, 53 (2017) 6, S.1170-1177 (8 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0012-1649
DOI	10.1037/dev0000303
Schlagwörter	Twins; Genetics; Longitudinal Studies; Correlation; Statistical Analysis; Cognitive Ability; Individual Differences; Age Differences; Vietnamese People; Environmental Influences; Foreign Countries; Military Personnel; Aging (Individuals); Armed Forces; Armed Forces Qualification Test + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Twin; Zwilling; Humangenetik; Longitudinal study; Longitudinal method; Longitudinal methods; Längsschnittuntersuchung; Korrelation; Statistische Analyse; Denkfähigkeit; Individueller Unterschied; Age; Difference; Age difference; Altersunterschied; Environmental influence; Umwelteinfluss; Ausland; Aging; Altern; Military; Militär
Abstract	In this longitudinal study we examined the stability of general cognitive ability (GCA), as well as heterogeneity and genetic and environmental influences underlying individual differences in change. We investigated GCA from young adulthood through late midlife in 1,288 Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging participants at ages ~20, ~56, and ~62 years. The correlations among the 3 occasions ranged from 0.73 to 0.85, reflecting substantial stability. The heritability was significant on each of the 3 occasions and ranged from 0.59 to 0.66. The influence of the shared environment was not significant at any of the ages. The genetic correlations across the 3 occasions ranged from 0.95 to 0.99 and did not differ significantly from 1.0. The nonshared environmental correlations ranged from 0.21 to 0.47. Latent growth curve analysis was applied to characterize trajectories over the 42-year period. Slope was significantly different from 0 and indicated that there was modest change over time. There was a significant genetic influence on initial level of GCA (h[superscript 2] = 0.67), but not change (h[superscript 2] = 0.23). Genetic factors primarily contribute to stability, while change reflects the influence of nonshared environmental influences. There was a significant negative correlation between initial level of GCA and change (r = -0.31). Latent class growth analysis identified 4 trajectories. In general, the 4 groups followed parallel trajectories and were differentiated mainly by differences in AFQT performance level at the time of military induction. (As Provided).
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Update	2020/1/01