The Forest, the Trees, and the Leaves: Differences of Processing across Development

Autor/inn/en	Krakowski, Claire-Sara; Poirel, Nicolas; Vidal, Julie; Roëll, Margot; Pineau, Arlette; Borst, Grégoire; Houdé, Olivier
Titel	The Forest, the Trees, and the Leaves: Differences of Processing across Development
Quelle	In: Developmental Psychology, 52 (2016) 8, S.1262-1272 (11 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0012-1649
DOI	10.1037/dev0000138
Schlagwörter	Children; Young Adults; Visual Discrimination; Age Differences; Attention; Cognitive Processes; Visual Stimuli; Vertical Organization; Cognitive Development; Comparative Analysis; College Students; Preschool Children; Grade 1; Grade 4; Elementary School Students; Foreign Countries; Statistical Analysis; France (Paris) + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Child; Kind; Kinder; Young adult; Junger Erwachsener; Age; Difference; Age difference; Altersunterschied; Aufmerksamkeit; Cognitive process; Kognitiver Prozess; Kognitive Entwicklung; Collegestudent; Pre-school age; Preschool age; Children; Pre-school education; Preschool education; Vorschulalter; Vorschulkind; Vorschulkinder; Vorschulerziehung; Vorschule; School year 01; 1. Schuljahr; Schuljahr 01; School year 04; 4. Schuljahr; Schuljahr 04; Ausland; Statistische Analyse
Abstract	To act and think, children and adults are continually required to ignore irrelevant visual information to focus on task-relevant items. As real-world visual information is organized into structures, we designed a feature visual search task containing 3-level hierarchical stimuli (i.e., local shapes that constituted intermediate shapes that formed the global figure) that was presented to 112 participants aged 5, 6, 9, and 21 years old. This task allowed us to explore (a) which level is perceptively the most salient at each age (i.e., the fastest detected level) and (b) what kind of attentional processing occurs for each level across development (i.e., efficient processing: detection time does not increase with the number of stimuli on the display; less efficient processing: detection time increases linearly with the growing number of distractors). Results showed that the global level was the most salient at 5 years of age, whereas the global and intermediate levels were both salient for 9-year-olds and adults. Interestingly, at 6 years of age, the intermediate level was the most salient level. Second, all participants showed an efficient processing of both intermediate and global levels of hierarchical stimuli, and a less efficient processing of the local level, suggesting a local disadvantage rather than a global advantage in visual search. The cognitive cost for selecting the local target was higher for 5- and 6-year-old children compared to 9-year-old children and adults. These results are discussed with regards to the development of executive control. (As Provided).
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Update	2020/1/01