Serial Position Functions in General Knowledge

Autor/inn/en	Kelley, Matthew R.; Neath, Ian; Surprenant, Aimée M.
Titel	Serial Position Functions in General Knowledge
Quelle	In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 41 (2015) 6, S.1715-1727 (13 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0278-7393
DOI	10.1037/xlm0000141
Schlagwörter	Undergraduate Students; Serial Ordering; Memory; Semantics; Experiments; Accuracy; Predictor Variables; Stimuli; Task Analysis; Knowledge Level; Statistical Analysis; Error Patterns; Recall (Psychology); Illinois + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Ordnen; Ordnungsstruktur; Ordnungssystem; Gedächtnis; Semantik; Erprobung; Prädiktor; Anreizsystem; Aufgabenanalyse; Wissensbasis; Statistische Analyse; Fehlertyp; Abberufung
Abstract	Serial position functions with marked primacy and recency effects are ubiquitous in episodic memory tasks. The demonstrations reported here explored whether bow-shaped serial position functions would be observed when people ordered exemplars from various categories along a specified dimension. The categories and dimensions were: actors and age; animals and weight; basketball players and height; countries and area; and planets and diameter. In all cases, a serial position function was observed: People were more accurate to order the youngest and oldest actors, the lightest and heaviest animals, the shortest and tallest basketball players, the smallest and largest countries, and the smallest and largest planets, relative to intermediate items. The results support an explanation of serial position functions based on relative distinctiveness, which predicts that serial position functions will be observed whenever a set of items can be sensibly ordered along a particular dimension. The serial position function arises because the first and last items enjoy a benefit of having no competitors on 1 side and therefore have enhanced distinctiveness relative to mid-dimension items, which suffer by having many competitors on both sides. (As Provided).
Anmerkungen	American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2020/1/01