Automatic Activation of Phonological Templates for Native but Not Nonnative Phonemes: An Investigation of the Temporal Dynamics of Mu Activation

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Autor/in	Santos-Oliveira, Daniela Cristina
Titel	Automatic Activation of Phonological Templates for Native but Not Nonnative Phonemes: An Investigation of the Temporal Dynamics of Mu Activation
Quelle	(2017), (68 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Santos-Oliveira, Daniela Cristina)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Monographie
ISBN	978-1-3696-7351-7
Schlagwörter	Hochschulschrift; Dissertation; Human Body; Acoustics; Speech Communication; Decision Making; Short Term Memory; Attention; Neurological Organization; Psychomotor Skills; Perception; Brain Hemisphere Functions; Diagnostic Tests; Cognitive Load; Statistical Analysis; Auditory Perception; Cognitive Processes; Auditory Stimuli; Phonemes; Native Speakers; Phonological Awareness + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Thesis; Dissertations; Academic thesis; Menschlicher Körper; Akustik; Decision-making; Entscheidungsfindung; Kurzzeitgedächtnis; Aufmerksamkeit; Psychomotorische Aktivität; Wahrnehmung; Diagnostic test; Diagnostischer Test; Statistische Analyse; Auditive Wahrnehmung; Akustische Wahrnehmung; Cognitive process; Kognitiver Prozess; Auditive Stimulation; Fonem; Muttersprachler
Abstract	Models of speech perception suggest a dorsal stream connecting the temporal and inferior parietal lobe with the inferior frontal gyrus. This stream is thought to involve an auditory motor loop that translates acoustic information into motor/articulatory commands and is further influenced by decision making processes that involve maintenance of working memory or attention. Parsing out dorsal stream's speech specific mechanisms from memory related ones in speech perception poses a complex problem. Here I argue that these processes may be disentangled from the viewpoint of the temporal dynamics of sensorimotor neural activation around a speech perception related event. Methods: Alpha (~10Hz) and beta (~20Hz) spectral components of the mu (µ) rhythm, localized to sensorimotor regions, have been shown to index somatosensory and motor activity, respectively. In the present work, event related spectral perturbations (ERSP) of the EEG µ-rhythm were analyzed, while manipulating two factors: active/passive listening, and perception of native/nonnative phonemes. Active and passive speech perception tasks were used as indexes of memory load employed, while native and nonnative perception were used as indexes of automatic top-down coding for sensory analysis. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the oscillatory patterns of µ components between active and passive speech perception conditions with greater µ alpha and beta event related desynchronization (ERD) after stimuli offset in active speech perception. When compared to listening to noise, passive speech perception presented significantly (pFDR<0.05) stronger alpha and beta ERD during and after stimuli presentation. When comparing native to nonnative speech perception, stronger alpha (8-14Hz) and beta (22-25Hz) event related synchronization (ERS) were observed before and during stimuli onset in the passive nonnative task. Passive native perception, on the other hand, presented stronger alpha and especially beta ERD before stimuli onset as well as stronger alpha ERD between presentation of the two syllables composing the stimuli (600-850ms), and during the presentation of the second syllable (1000ms). Conclusion: These findings suggest that neural processes within the dorsal auditory stream are functionally and automatically involved in speech perception mechanisms. While its early activity (shortly after stimuli onset) seems to be importantly involved with the instantiation of predictive motor/articulatory internal models that help constraining speech discrimination, its later activity (post-stimulus offset) seems essential in the maintenance of working memory processes. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.] (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2020/1/01