Quantifying hierarchy and dynamics in US faculty hiring and retention.

Autor/inn/en	Wapman, K. Hunter; Zhang, Sam; Clauset, Aaron; Larremore, Daniel B.
Titel	Quantifying hierarchy and dynamics in US faculty hiring and retention. Gefälligkeitsübersetzung: Quantifizierung von Hierarchie und Dynamik bei der Einstellung und Bindung von US-Fakultäten.
Quelle	In: Nature, 610 (2022) 7930, S. 120-127 PDF als Volltext kostenfreie Datei Link als defekt meldenVerfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1476-4687
DOI	10.1038/s41586-022-05222-x
Schlagwörter	Forschung; Bindung; Image; Frau; Gleichstellung; Ausländer; Berufung; Elite; Forschung; Frau; Hochschullehrer; Image; Produktivität; Universität; USA; Mitarbeiter; Personalbeschaffung; Arbeitsplatzwechsel; Gleichstellung; Netzwerk; Promotion; Differenz; Ranking; Quote; Ranking; Elite; Personalbeschaffung; Produktivität; Arbeitsplatzwechsel; Universität; Berufung; Hochschullehrer; Promotion; Studienort; Differenz; Geschlechterverteilung; Netzwerk; Quote; Ausländer; Mitarbeiter; USA
Abstract	"Faculty hiring and retention determine the composition of the US academic workforce and directly shape educational outcomes, careers, the development and spread of ideas and research priorities. However, hiring and retention are dynamic, reflecting societal and academic priorities, generational turnover and efforts to diversify the professoriate along gender, racial and socioeconomic lines. A comprehensive study of the structure and dynamics of the US professoriate would elucidate the effects of these efforts and the processes that shape scholarship more broadly. Here we analyse the academic employment and doctoral education of tenure-track faculty at all PhD-granting US universities over the decade 2011-2020, quantifying stark inequalities in faculty production, prestige, retention and gender. Our analyses show universal inequalities in which a small minority of universities supply a large majority of faculty across fields, exacerbated by patterns of attrition and reflecting steep hierarchies of prestige. We identify markedly higher attrition rates among faculty trained outside the United States or employed by their doctoral university. Our results indicate that gains in women's representation over this decade result from demographic turnover and earlier changes made to hiring, and are unlikely to lead to long-term gender parity in most fields. These analyses quantify the dynamics of US faculty hiring and retention, and will support efforts to improve the organization, composition and scholarship of the US academic workforce." The study refers to the period 2011-2020. (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku)..
Erfasst von	Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, Nürnberg
Update	2023/1