Age differences in coupling of intraindividual variability in mnemonic strategies and practice-related associative recall improvements.

Autor/inn/en	Herzog, Christopher; Lövdén, Martin; Lindenberger, Ulman; Schmiedek, Florian
Titel	Age differences in coupling of intraindividual variability in mnemonic strategies and practice-related associative recall improvements.
Quelle	In: Psychology and aging, 32 (2017) 6, S. 557-571 PDF als Volltext Link als defekt meldenVerfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1939-1498
DOI	10.1037/pag0000177
Schlagwörter	Empirische Untersuchung; Vergleich; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Assoziation; Gedächtnis; Kognitiver Prozess; Leistungsfähigkeit; Leistungssteigerung; Test; Assoziation; Gedächtnis; Leistungsfähigkeit; Strategie; Test; Kognitiver Prozess; Leistungssteigerung; Vergleich; Wirkung; Arbeitsgedächtnis; Gedächtnishilfe; Gedächtnishilfe; Effektivität; Effektivität; Strategie; Wirkung; Alter Mensch; Junger Erwachsener
Abstract	The importance of encoding strategies for associative recall is well established, but there have been no studies of aging and intraindividual variability (IAV) in strategy use during extended practice. We observed strategy use and cued-recall test performance over 101 days of practice in 101 younger adults (M = 25.6 years) and 103 older adults (M = 71.3 years) sandwiched by a pretest and posttest battery including an associative recall test. Each practice session included 2 lists of 12 number-noun paired-associate (PA) items (e.g., 23-DOGS), presented for brief exposures titrated to maintain below-ceiling performance throughout practice. Participants reported strategy use (e.g., rote repetition, imagery) after each test. Substantial IAV in strategy use was detected that was coupled with performance; lists studied with normatively effective strategies (e.g., imagery) generated higher PA recall than lists studied with less effective strategies (e.g., rote repetition). In comparison to younger adults, older adults' practice (a) relied more on repetition and less on effective strategies, (b) showed lower levels of IAV in effective strategy use, and (c) had lower within-person strategy-recall coupling, especially late in practice. Individual differences in pretest-posttest gains in PA recall were predicted by average level of effective strategy use in young adults but by strategy-recall coupling in older adults. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that experiencing variability in strategic outcomes during practice helps hone the effectiveness of strategic encoding behavior, and that older adults' reduced degree of pretest-posttest gains is influenced by lower likelihood of using and optimizing effective strategies through practice. (DIPF/Orig.).
Erfasst von	DIPF \| Leibniz-Institut für Bildungsforschung und Bildungsinformation, Frankfurt am Main
Update	2018/3