Relational Learning in a Context of Transposition: A Review

Autor/in	Lazareva, Olga F.
Titel	Relational Learning in a Context of Transposition: A Review
Quelle	In: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 97 (2012) 2, S.231-248 (18 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0022-5002
Schlagwörter	Animals; Stimuli; Reinforcement; Novelty (Stimulus Dimension); Associative Learning; Stimulus Generalization + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Animal; Tier; Tiere; Anreizsystem; Positive Verstärkung
Abstract	In a typical transposition task, an animal is presented with a single pair of stimuli (for example, S3+S4-, where plus and minus denote reward and nonreward and digits denote stimulus location on a sensory dimension such as size). Subsequently, an animal is presented with a testing pair that contains a previously reinforced or nonreinforced stimulus and a novel stimulus (for example, S2-S3 and S4-S5). Does the choice of a novel S2 instead of previously reinforced S3 in a testing pair S2-S3 indicate that the animal has learned a relation (i.e., "select smaller")? This review of empirical evidence and theoretical accounts shows that an organism's behavior in a transposition task is undoubtedly influenced by prior reinforcement history of the training stimuli (Spence, 1937). However, it is also affected by two other factors that are relational in nature--a similarity of two testing stimuli to each other and an overall similarity of the testing pair as a whole to the training pair as a whole. The influence of the two latter factors is especially evident in studies that use multiple pairs of training stimuli and a wide range of testing pairs comprising nonadjacent stimuli (Lazareva, Miner, Young, & Wasserman, 2008; Lazareva, Wasserman, & Young, 2005). In sum, the evidence suggests that both prior reinforcement history and relational information affect an animal's behavior in a typical transposition task. (Contains 2 footnotes and 12 figures.) (As Provided).
Anmerkungen	Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Available from: Indiana University Department of Psychology. Bloomington, IN 47405-1301. Tel: 812-334-0395; FAX: 812-855-4691; e-mail: jeab@indiana.edu; Web site: http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jeab/index.html
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10