Early and Concurrent Home Stimulation: Unique and Indirect Links with Fine Motor Skills among 4-Year-Old Children in Rural Pakistan

Autor/inn/en	Armstrong-Carter, Emma; Sulik, Michael J.; Siyal, Saima; Yousafzai, Aisha K.; Obradovic, Jelena
Titel	Early and Concurrent Home Stimulation: Unique and Indirect Links with Fine Motor Skills among 4-Year-Old Children in Rural Pakistan
Quelle	In: Developmental Psychology, 57 (2021) 6, S.888-899 (12 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Armstrong-Carter, Emma) Weitere Informationen
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0012-1649
DOI	10.1037/dev0001185
Schlagwörter	Foreign Countries; Psychomotor Skills; Rural Areas; Family Environment; Socioeconomic Status; Educational Attainment; Mothers; Parent Background; Siblings; Family Structure; Physical Development; Hunger; Correlation; Stimulation; Toddlers; Preschool Children; Child Development; Body Height; Pakistan; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment; Bayley Scales of Infant Development + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Ausland; Psychomotorische Aktivität; Rural area; Ländlicher Raum; Familienmilieu; Socio-economic status; Sozioökonomischer Status; Bildungsabschluss; Bildungsgut; Mother; Mutter; Elternhaus; Sibling; Geschwister; Familienkonstellation; Familiensystem; Körperliche Entwicklung; Korrelation; Infant; Infants; Toddler; Kleinkind; Pre-school age; Preschool age; Child; Children; Pre-school education; Preschool education; Vorschulalter; Kind; Kinder; Vorschulkind; Vorschulkinder; Vorschulerziehung; Vorschule; Kindesentwicklung; Körpergröße
Abstract	Fine motor skills enable children to make precise and coordinated movements with their hands and support their ability to engage in everyday activities and learning experiences. In a longitudinal study of 1,058 4-year-old children in rural Pakistan (n = 488 girls), we examined how prior and concurrent levels of home stimulation relate to change in fine motor skills from ages 2 to 4 while controlling for family wealth, maternal education, number of siblings at birth, prior and concurrent measures of children's physical growth and food insecurity, and prior motor skills at age 2. Moreover, we tested whether the association between early home stimulation and subsequent fine motor skills was mediated by physical growth, food insecurity, motor skills at age 2, and concurrent home stimulation. Results revealed that home stimulation at 18 months was positively associated with change in fine motor skills from ages 2 to 4, over and above family socioeconomic resources. This association was mediated by physical growth, food insecurity and motor skills at age 2. In contrast to home stimulation at 18 months, home stimulation at age 4 was positively associated with concurrent motor skills at age 4 when controlling for all antecedent family factors, as well as prior and concurrent measures of physical growth and food insecurity, and prior motor skills at age 2. Findings suggest that the preschool period may be an important window of time when physically and cognitively stimulating experiences at home uniquely relate to variability in fine motor development. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2022/1/01