Functional Gender Differences in Autism: An International, Multidisciplinary Expert Survey Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Model

Autor/inn/en	Lundin, Karl; Mahdi, Soheil; Isaksson, Johan; Bölte, Sven
Titel	Functional Gender Differences in Autism: An International, Multidisciplinary Expert Survey Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Model
Quelle	In: Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 25 (2021) 4, S.1020-1035 (16 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Lundin, Karl) ORCID (Bölte, Sven)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1362-3613
DOI	10.1177/1362361320975311
Schlagwörter	Gender Differences; Autism; Pervasive Developmental Disorders; Cultural Differences; Professional Personnel; Developed Nations; Developing Nations; Foreign Countries; Disability Identification; Symptoms (Individual Disorders); Interpersonal Competence; Africa; Middle East; Europe; North America; South America; Asia + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Geschlechterkonflikt; Autismus; Kultureller Unterschied; Personalbestand; Developed countries; Industriestaat; Industrieland; Developing country; Developing countries; Entwicklungsland; Ausland; Psychiatrische Symptomatik; Interpersonale Kompetenz; Afrika; Vorderasien; Europa; Nordamerika; Südamerika; Asien
Abstract	Few studies have addressed gender differences in autism in relation to functioning and across cultures. We aimed to explore functional gender differences in autism from a multidisciplinary, global perspective using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. Perceptions among professionals in high-income countries and middle-income countries were examined based on qualitative survey data from N = 225 professionals. Of these, n = 131 professionals provided information on functional gender differences in autism. Thirty-two professionals reported perceiving no gender differences. Remaining respondents (n = 99)--representing 31 countries, all World Health Organization regions, and 10 different professions--were included in a content analysis on functional gender differences, which generated three main categories and 13 subcategories. The subcategories were subsequently linked to International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health categories. Autistic males were described as displaying more externalizing behaviors, and females as having more internalizing problems and being more socially motivated. Thirty-two International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health categories were identified, of which 31 were covered by the comprehensive Core Set for autism. Gender differences in core symptoms and co-existing problems were acknowledged by professionals from both high-income countries and middle-income countries, while differences in social behaviors, including camouflaging, were more frequently described by experts from high-income countries. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2022/1/01