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| Autor/inn/en | Harel-Arbeli, Tami; Wingfield, Arthur; Palgi, Yuval; Ben-David, Boaz M. |
|---|---|
| Titel | Age-Related Differences in the Online Processing of Spoken Semantic Context and the Effect of Semantic Competition: Evidence from Eye Gaze |
| Quelle | In: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 64 (2021) 2, S.315-327 (13 Seiten)
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| Zusatzinformation | ORCID (Harel-Arbeli, Tami) ORCID (Ben-David, Boaz M.) |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Dokumenttyp | gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz |
| ISSN | 1092-4388 |
| Schlagwörter | Age Differences; Semantics; Eye Movements; Young Adults; Older Adults; Computer Assisted Testing; Sentences; Visual Stimuli; Auditory Stimuli; Cognitive Processes; Aging (Individuals); Inhibition; Responses; Speech Communication; Language Processing; Prediction; Foreign Countries; Interference (Learning); Israel |
| Abstract | Purpose: The study examined age-related differences in the use of semantic context and in the effect of semantic competition in spoken sentence processing. We used offline (response latency) and online (eye gaze) measures, using the "visual world" eye-tracking paradigm. Method: Thirty younger and 30 older adults heard sentences related to one of four images presented on a computer monitor. They were asked to touch the image corresponding to the final word of the sentence (target word). Three conditions were used: a nonpredictive sentence, a predictive sentence suggesting one of the four images on the screen (semantic context), and a predictive sentence suggesting two possible images (semantic competition). Results: Online eye gaze data showed no age-related differences with nonpredictive sentences, but revealed slowed processing for older adults when context was presented. With the addition of semantic competition to context, older adults were slower to look at the target word after it had been heard. In contrast, offline latency analysis did not show age-related differences in the effects of context and competition. As expected, older adults were generally slower to touch the image than younger adults. Conclusions: Traditional offline measures were not able to reveal the complex effect of aging on spoken semantic context processing. Online eye gaze measures suggest that older adults were slower than younger adults to predict an indicated object based on semantic context. Semantic competition affected online processing for older adults more than for younger adults, with no accompanying age-related differences in latency. This supports an early age-related inhibition deficit, interfering with processing, and not necessarily with response execution. (As Provided). |
| Anmerkungen | American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 2200 Research Blvd #250, Rockville, MD 20850. Tel: 301-296-5700; Fax: 301-296-8580; e-mail: slhr@asha.org; Web site: http://jslhr.pubs.asha.org |
| Erfasst von | ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC |
| Update | 2022/1/01 |
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