Association between Gross Motor Competence and Health-Related Quality of Life in (Pre)schoolchildren: The Mediating Role of Cardiorespiratory Fitness

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Autor/inn/en	Redondo-Tebar, Andres; Fatouros, Ioannis G.; Martinez-Vizcaino, Vicente; Ruíz-Hermosa, Abel; Notario-Pacheco, Blanca; Sanchez-Lopez, Mairena
Titel	Association between Gross Motor Competence and Health-Related Quality of Life in (Pre)schoolchildren: The Mediating Role of Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Quelle	In: Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 26 (2021) 1, S.51-64 (14 Seiten)Infoseite zur Zeitschrift PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Redondo-Tebar, Andres) ORCID (Fatouros, Ioannis G.) ORCID (Martinez-Vizcaino, Vicente) ORCID (Ruíz-Hermosa, Abel) ORCID (Notario-Pacheco, Blanca) ORCID (Sanchez-Lopez, Mairena)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1740-8989
DOI	10.1080/17408989.2020.1800618
Schlagwörter	Physical Fitness; Quality of Life; Motor Development; Psychomotor Skills; Correlation; Parent Attitudes; Case Studies; Preschool Children; Elementary School Students; Tests; Foreign Countries; Scores; Well Being; Gender Differences; Self Esteem; Friendship; Intervention; Program Effectiveness; Physical Activity Level; Measures (Individuals); Body Composition; Body Weight; Spain + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Leistungsfähigkeit; Lebensqualität; Motorische Entwicklung; Psychomotorische Aktivität; Korrelation; Elternverhalten; Case study; Fallstudie; Case Study; Pre-school age; Preschool age; Child; Children; Pre-school education; Preschool education; Vorschulalter; Kind; Kinder; Vorschulkind; Vorschulkinder; Vorschulerziehung; Vorschule; Examination; Prüfung; Examen; Ausland; Well-being; Wellness; Wohlbefinden; Geschlechterkonflikt; Self-esteem; Selbstaufmerksamkeit; Freundschaft; Messdaten; Körpergewicht; Spanien
Abstract	Background: Motor competence, defined as a person's ability to execute different motor skills, is directly associated with children's physical, mental, and social development and may be essential in encouraging an active lifestyle in childhood. Although health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children has been described as an individual's subjective perception of the impact of health status on physical, psychological and social functioning, in very young children, a HRQoL parent-proxy report is needed since (pre)schoolchildren have problems expressing their feelings and understanding items on HRQoL instruments. In addition, the influence of motor competence on fitness levels has strong empirical support, so it seems reasonable to hypothesize that cardiorespiratory fitness might play a crucial role in the association between motor competence and HRQoL in children. Objectives: This study examined the association between gross motor competence (G-MC) and HRQoL in typically developing children, and whether this association between G-MC and HRQoL was mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study with 1088 (pre)schoolchildren (51.84% boys, 48.16% girls) aged between 4 and 7 years (5.32 ± 0.60) belonging to 21 schools in the Spanish provinces of Cuenca and Ciudad Real were included. G-MC was evaluated using the MABC-2 battery, HRQoL was assessed using the KINDL-R questionnaire and cardiorespiratory fitness using the 20m-shuttle-run-test. Partial correlations, covariance models and mediation analyses were conducted. Results: The mean scores of HRQoL (physical well-being, self-esteem, friends, school and global score index) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in children with higher G-MC. When cardiorespiratory fitness was added as a covariate, all the results remained unchanged (p < 0.05), except for physical well-being for the total sample as well as emotional well-being and the global score index for girls. Simple mediation analyses showed that cardiorespiratory fitness acted as a mediator between G-MC and physical well-being (Indirect Effect = 0.04 [95% CI = 0.01; 0.07]) for the total sample. For boys, it acted as a mediator between G-MC and physical well-being (Indirect Effect = 0.04 [95% CI = 0.00; 0.08]) and school (Indirect Effect = 0.05 [95% CI = 0.01; 0.09]), and, for girls, between G-MC and emotional well-being (Indirect Effect = 0.04 [95% CI = 0.01; 0.08]) and the global score index (Indirect Effect = 0.02 [95% CI = 0.00; 0.05]). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that good G-MC levels are associated with better HRQoL, mainly in global score index of HRQoL and self-esteem, friends, and school dimensions in typically developing children. Further, cardiorespiratory fitness mediates the association between G-MC and the physical dimension of HRQoL in (pre)schoolchildren. Additionally, physical and academic dimensions are mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness for boys and the emotional and global score indices of HRQoL are mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness for girls. These findings provide scientific evidence that improving motor competence and cardiorespiratory fitness might be a practical strategy to increase HRQoL in children. Thus, families and the educational community should promote effective interventions and incorporate opportunities inside and outside school that aim to jointly improve motor competence and cardiorespiratory fitness. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2022/1/01