Children Make Use of Relationships across Meanings in Word Learning

Autor/inn/en	Floyd, Sammy; Goldberg, Adele E.
Titel	Children Make Use of Relationships across Meanings in Word Learning
Quelle	In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 47 (2021) 1, S.29-44 (16 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Zusatzinformation	ORCID (Floyd, Sammy)
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0278-7393
DOI	10.1037/xlm0000821
Schlagwörter	Vocabulary Development; Semantics; Task Analysis; Correlation; Preschool Children; Young Children; Adults; Ambiguity (Semantics); Learning Processes; Novelty (Stimulus Dimension); Comparative Analysis; Age Differences; Video Technology; Language Tests; Psycholinguistics + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Wortschatzarbeit; Semantik; Aufgabenanalyse; Korrelation; Pre-school age; Preschool age; Child; Children; Pre-school education; Preschool education; Vorschulalter; Kind; Kinder; Vorschulkind; Vorschulkinder; Vorschulerziehung; Vorschule; Frühe Kindheit; Learning process; Lernprozess; Age; Difference; Age difference; Altersunterschied; Language test; Sprachtest; Psycholinguistik
Abstract	Many words are associated with more than a single meaning. Words are sometimes "ambiguous," applying to unrelated meanings, but the majority of frequent words are "polysemous" in that they apply to multiple "related" meanings. In a preregistered design that included 2 tasks, we tested adults' and 4.5- to 7-year-old children's ability to learn 4 novel polysemous words or 4 novel ambiguous words. Both children and adults demonstrated a polysemy over ambiguity learning advantage on each task after exposure, showing better learning of novel words with multiple related meanings than novel words with unrelated meanings. Stimuli in the polysemy condition were designed and then normed to guard against learners relying on a simple definition to distinguish the multiple target meanings for each word from foils. We retested available participants after a week-long delay without providing additional exposure and found that adults' performance remained strong in the polysemy condition in 1 task, and children's performance remained strong in the polysemy condition in both tasks. We conclude that participants are adept at learning polysemous words that vary along multiple dimensions. Current results are consistent with the idea that ambiguous meanings of a word compete, but polysemous meanings instead reinforce one another. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2024/1/01