Knowledge about the Predictive Value of Reward Conditioned Stimuli Modulates Their Interference with Cognitive Processes

Autor/inn/en	Leganes-Fonteneau, Mateo; Nikolaou, Kyriaki; Scott, Ryan; Duka, Theodora
Titel	Knowledge about the Predictive Value of Reward Conditioned Stimuli Modulates Their Interference with Cognitive Processes
Quelle	In: Learning & Memory, 26 (2019) 3, S.66-76 (11 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1072-0502
DOI	10.1101/lm.048272.118
Schlagwörter	Knowledge Level; Rewards; Conditioning; Bayesian Statistics; Cognitive Processes; Interference (Learning); Addictive Behavior; Drug Addiction; Stimuli; Task Analysis; Learning Processes; Short Term Memory; Measurement; Cognitive Tests; Alcohol Abuse; Conceptual Tempo; Accuracy; Digit Span Test + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Wissensbasis; Reward; Belohnung; Cognitive process; Kognitiver Prozess; Drug dependence; Drug consomption; Drogenabhängigkeit; Anreizsystem; Aufgabenanalyse; Learning process; Lernprozess; Kurzzeitgedächtnis; Messverfahren; Kognitiver Fähigkeitstest
Abstract	Stimuli conditioned with a substance can generate drug-approach behaviors due to their acquired motivational properties. According to implicit theories of addiction, these stimuli can decrease cognitive control automatically. The present study (n = 49) examined whether reward-associated stimuli can interfere with cognitive processes in the absence of knowledge about stimulus--outcome contingencies. Conditioned stimuli (CS) were paired with high-reward (HR) or low-reward (LR) probabilities of monetary reward using a Pavlovian learning task. Participants were categorized as Aware or Unaware of contingencies using a Bayesian analysis. CS were then used as task-irrelevant distractors in modified flanker and N-back tasks. Results show HR CS can generate increased interference in the flanker task for participants Unaware of contingencies, contributing further evidence for the existence of implicit Pavlovian conditioning. For the N-back task, working memory performance was affected by HR CS, albeit only for Aware participants. These results suggest that CS can interfere implicitly with cognitive processes in a similar way to drug-related stimuli. Such an effect could occur in a stimulus-driven fashion, devoid of top-down goal-directedness. These findings have implications for the conceptualization and study of implicit processes in addiction and highlights the necessity to reconsider the measurement of such phenomena. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2020/1/01