A Life History Approach to Delineating How Harsh Environments and Hawk Temperament Traits Differentially Shape Children's Problem-Solving Skills

Autor/inn/en	Suor, Jennifer H.; Sturge-Apple, Melissa L.; Davies, Patrick T.; Cicchetti, Dante
Titel	A Life History Approach to Delineating How Harsh Environments and Hawk Temperament Traits Differentially Shape Children's Problem-Solving Skills
Quelle	In: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58 (2017) 8, S.902-909 (8 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0021-9630
DOI	10.1111/jcpp.12718
Schlagwörter	Disadvantaged Environment; Path Analysis; Problem Solving; Personality Traits; Rewards; Prediction; Cognitive Ability; Schemata (Cognition); Physical Fitness; Correlation; Evolution; Mothers; Infants; Toddlers; Mother Attitudes; Child Development; Task Analysis; Parent Child Relationship; Visual Perception + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Pfadanalyse; Problemlösen; Individual characteristics; Personality characteristic; Persönlichkeitsmerkmal; Reward; Belohnung; Vorhersage; Denkfähigkeit; Cognition; Schema; Kognition; Leistungsfähigkeit; Korrelation; Mother; Mutter; Infant; Toddler; Toddlers; Kleinkind; Infants; Mutterliebe; Kindesentwicklung; Aufgabenanalyse; Parents-child relationship; Parent-child-relation; Parent-child relationship; Eltern-Kind-Beziehung; Visuelle Wahrnehmung
Abstract	Harsh environments are known to predict deficits in children's cognitive abilities. Life history theory approaches challenge this interpretation, proposing stressed children's cognition becomes specialized to solve problems in fitness-enhancing ways. The goal of this study was to examine associations between early environmental harshness and children's problem-solving outcomes across tasks varying in ecological relevance. In addition, we utilize an evolutionary model of temperament toward further specifying whether hawk temperament traits moderate these associations. Two hundred and one mother-child dyads participated in a prospective multimethod study when children were 2 and 4 years old. At age 2, environmental harshness was assessed via maternal report of earned income and observations of maternal disengagement during a parent-child interaction task. Children's hawk temperament traits were assessed from a series of unfamiliar episodes. At age 4, children's reward-oriented and visual problem-solving were measured. Path analyses revealed early environmental harshness and children's hawk temperament traits predicted worse visual problem-solving. Results showed a significant two-way interaction between children's hawk temperament traits and environmental harshness on reward-oriented problem-solving. Simple slope analyses revealed the effect of environmental harshness on reward-oriented problem-solving was specific to children with higher levels of hawk traits. Results suggest early experiences of environmental harshness and child hawk temperament traits shape children's trajectories of problem-solving in an environment-fitting manner. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2020/1/01