Expectation Returns and Households' Decision in the Schooling of Their Children in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

Autor/inn/en	Khan, Shahzad; Lurhathaiopath, Puangkaew; Matsushita, Shusuke
Titel	Expectation Returns and Households' Decision in the Schooling of Their Children in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Quelle	In: Educational Research and Reviews, 12 (2017) 8, S.502-512 (11 Seiten) PDF als Volltext kostenfreie Datei Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1990-3839
Schlagwörter	Foreign Countries; Scores; Educational Attainment; Probability; Models; Academic Achievement; Parent Aspiration; Academic Aspiration; Role of Education; Family Income; School Location; Place of Residence; Proximity; Literacy; Teacher Education; Illiteracy; Socioeconomic Status; Public Policy; Prediction; Educational Policy; Economic Factors; Political Influences; Dropouts; Disadvantaged Schools; Program Evaluation; Surveys; Statistical Analysis; Expectation; Pakistan + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Ausland; Bildungsabschluss; Bildungsgut; Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung; Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie; Analogiemodell; Schulleistung; Elternwille; Bildungsauftrag; Familieneinkommen; Schulgelände; Wohnort; Lebensnähe; Alphabetisierung; Schreib- und Lesefähigkeit; Lehrerausbildung; Lehrerbildung; Analphabetismus; Socio-economic status; Sozioökonomischer Status; Öffentliche Ordnung; Vorhersage; Politics of education; Bildungspolitik; Ökonomischer Faktor; Political influence; Politischer Einfluss; Drop-out; Drop-outs; Dropout; Early leavers; Schulversagen; Programme evaluation; Programmevaluation; Survey; Umfrage; Befragung; Statistische Analyse; Expectancy; Erwartung
Abstract	This study aims to study households' expectations for their children's academic performance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Education has a significant role in increasing the productivity and income level of an individual in a society. Household education, income, distance from school, gender discrimination within household and cost of education can affect parents' expectations of their children. The present study aims to understand why households in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan do not send their children to school, when free and compulsory public schools are available. A two stage Propensity Score Matching approach was applied in the study. Data were estimated through two stages Propensity Score Method. The first stage consists of probability model, used to estimate the propensity score of the characteristics of household. In the second stage, each household group was matched to predict households with similar propensity score values. Literacy rate had a negative effect on the completion of school for household members under 20 years. This means that most school graduates are unable to even read and understand. This is due to dynamic causes, like untrained teachers, lack of facilities, old syllabus, and poor quality education and socio-economic background of the household. But the main delinquency is the failure of educational policies attributed to inadequate economic structure and political instability since the existence of Pakistan. Pakistan government and policy makers need to take initiatives to improve the socio-economic condition of the individuals in the province, and also to give awareness about the importance of education in the region. Further investigation is needed to know the effect of other heterogeneous treatment. (As Provided).
Anmerkungen	Academic Journals. e-mail: err@academic.journals.org; e-mail: service@academicjournals.org; Web site: http://academicjournals.org/journal/ERR
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2020/1/01