An "Emic" Study of Children's Memory in the Nursery School.

Autor/inn/en	Adams-Price, Carolyn E.; Reese, Hayne W.
Titel	An "Emic" Study of Children's Memory in the Nursery School.
Quelle	(1986), (18 Seiten) PDF als Volltext kostenfreie Datei Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Monographie
Schlagwörter	Classification; Context Effect; Memory; Participant Observation; Preschool Children; Preschool Education; Research Methodology + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Classification system; Klassifikation; Klassifikationssystem; Gedächtnis; Teilnehmende Beobachtung; Pre-school age; Preschool age; Child; Children; Pre-school education; Preschool education; Vorschulalter; Kind; Kinder; Vorschulkind; Vorschulkinder; Vorschulerziehung; Vorschule; Research method; Forschungsmethode
Abstract	The "emic" research method used in cultural anthropology is described and its usefulness in developmental psychology is illustrated. A distinction is made in cultural anthropology between "etic" and "emic" research methods. In etic research observers employ established categories, such as prior definitions of constructs and variables, to interpret data. In contrast, researchers using an emic approach record behaviors and "work through" protocols until they discover what the observations mean to the persons who are observed. Participant observation, cultural anthropology's emic method, involves the: (1) collection of descriptive field notes and derivation of tentative categories; (2) refinement of tentative categories; and (3) testing hypotheses about refined categories in controlled research. The emic method was used in a study of classes of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds in a day care center. Observations of 127 behavioral events that seemed to involve "memory" were recorded. Memory instances were found to be classifiable in a taxonomical matrix of 2 sources by 10 categories: child or adult initiator across naming, rhymes and songs, what happened before, anticipation, appropriate behavior, forms/functions/sounds, persons, place memory, academic, and answering requests. Memory was found to be embedded in behavioral events that rarely had memory as a major goal. Thus, the study of memory may require a holistic theoretical approach, such as those of Piaget and Jenkins. (RH)
Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC