Situation, Konstellation und Disposition. Ihre empirische Differenzierung mittels "quasiexperimenteller Fragen". Methodologische Ergebnisse einer Erhebung über den Wert des menschlichen Lebens.

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Autor/in	Kreutz, Henrik
Titel	Situation, Konstellation und Disposition. Ihre empirische Differenzierung mittels "quasiexperimenteller Fragen". Methodologische Ergebnisse einer Erhebung über den Wert des menschlichen Lebens. Gefälligkeitsübersetzung: Situation, constellations and dispositions. Their empirical differentiation by "quasiexperimental questions". Methodological conclusions on the basis of a research on the value of human life.
Quelle	In: Angewandte Sozialforschung, 23 (2005) 3/4, S. 171-192Verfügbarkeit
Beigaben	Abbildungen; Tabellen 8
Sprache	deutsch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0587-5234; 1025-5788
Schlagwörter	Emotionalität; Entscheidung; Eltern; Wertewandel; Wertorientierung; Pflegebedürftigkeit; Heimunterbringung; Entscheidungskriterium; Häusliche Pflege; Zweckrationalität; Deutschland
Abstract	Der Verfasser legt Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung von Wert- und Zweckrationalität vor, bei der mittels quasi-experimenteller Fragen versucht wurde, eine doppelte Verbindung zwischen individuellen Akteuren einerseits und Situationen andererseits in ihrem Zusammenhang direkt zu erfassen. Gefragt wurde nach den Entscheidungen über die Art der Pflege eines alten, bettlägerigen Elternteils in unterschiedlichen Lebenslagen und Konstellationen. Es wird gezeigt, dass Wertrationalität und Emotionalität bei wichtigen Entscheidungen im Alltag eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Gleichzeitig ist eine Tendenz zu einer zunehmenden Bedeutung zweckrationaler Überlegungen unverkennbar. Gerade diese Tendenz des Wertwandels belegt jedoch die potenzielle Freiheit des Individuums, sich gegebenenfalls auch gegen den zweckrationalen Nutzen und für wertrationales oder emotionales Handeln zu entscheiden. (ICE2). Die Untersuchung enthält quantitative Daten. Die Untersuchung bezieht sich auf den Zeitraum 2003 bis 2003. "Max Weber introduced the differentiation between two types of human rationality. He distinguished 'Zweckrationalität', maximizing utility, from 'Wertrationalität' or value-rationality. The latter is at the same time directed towards the realization or preservation of two or more ultimate values, which are qualitatively different without any quantitative difference in their importance. For our civilization at the moment it is decisive what kind of orientation concerning human life will prevail in the future. Will 'Zweckrationalität', i. e. considerations concerning the utility of a person's abilities and actions, which ultimately can be quantified in form of a market-prize and expressed by money, prevail? Or will human beings be considered on the basis of their 'Eigenvalue', i. e. their dignity, for which no prize can be fixed on the basis of market transactions. This general question is operationalized in the framework of an empirical research dealing with the caretaking of old and handicapped family members. A random sample of members on private households in the city of Nürnberg was asked to decide if they would care for old and handicapped parents themselves within their private households or if they would transfer the parent to a public institution. In investigating the factors which have a strong impact on this decision a set of 'quasi-experimental questions' were given to the respondents. These questions were constructed as constellations of 5 variables characterizing the problematic situation and 5 variables specifying different possible solutions of the problem. Out of the possible constellations which can be formed by these 25x25 clusters of variables 26 were chosen for empirical research on the basis of an incomplete experimental design. Then each respondent was asked to choose his solutions in each of 6 possible situations. The decisions which had to be met concern the specific living arrangements which the respondents would chose for their old and handicapped parents in the specified different situations. By such a procedure the decision making can be studied in dependence of situational respectively constellational factors. The validity of the impact of the hypothetical variation of the possible situations during the interview is controlled by the empirical reconstruction of the real situation, in which the interviewees de facto live. The results of the research show that situational and constellational factors have strong impacts on the individual decisions, so it is wise not to attribute too much of the variance of the behavior of individual persons to their individual dispositions. At the same time the empirical data show that a fast change of the value-orientations of different generations occurs just now, which will modify the family as an institution and the personal relations within the families. 'Zweckrationalität' becomes more and more important however without being able to extinguish forms of actions, which can be labelled 'wertrational'. But since value-rationality is more complicated than one-dimensional utility calculations and has to be based on more intelligent strategies it will prevail in small minorities. Therefore it can also become more common if situational and constellational factors, which the society offers, will change." (author's abstract).
Erfasst von	GESIS - Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften, Mannheim
Update	2006/3