Trends in motor performance of first graders. A comparison of cohorts from 2006 to 2015.

Autor/inn/en	Spengler, Sarah; Rabel, Matthias; Kuritz, Arvid; Mess, Filip
Titel	Trends in motor performance of first graders. A comparison of cohorts from 2006 to 2015. Gefälligkeitsübersetzung: Trends in der motorischen Leistung von Erstklässlern. Ein Vergleich der Kohorten von 2006 bis 2015.
Quelle	In: Frontiers in Pediatrics, 5 (2017) Art.-ID 206, 7 S. PDF als Volltext kostenfreie Datei Link als defekt meldenVerfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	2296-2360
DOI	10.3389/fped.2017.00206
Schlagwörter	Empirische Untersuchung; Querschnittuntersuchung; Motorik; Kindheit; Baden-Württemberg; Grundschule; Kind; Motorik; Sportmedizin; Sportwissenschaft; Statistische Analyse; Differenzierung; Sportpädagogik; Ausdauer; Muskelkraft; Schnelligkeit; Gleichgewichtssinn; Kind; Grundschule; Differenzierung; Gleichgewichtssinn; Muskelkraft; Ausdauer; Bewegungsaktivität; Schnelligkeit; Sportmedizin; Sportpädagogik; Sportwissenschaft; Statistische Analyse; Baden-Württemberg
Abstract	Background: Motor performance is an important factor for health. Already in childhood, motor performance is associated with, e.g., obesity and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. It is widely believed that the motor performance of children has declined over recent years. However, this belief is lacking clear evidence. The objective of this study was to examine trends in motor performance of first grade students during a period of 10 years (2006-2015). We examined trends in (a) aerobic fitness, (b) strength, (c) speed, and (d) balance for boys and girls separately and considered body mass index (BMI) as a potential confounder. Methods: From 2006 to 2015, we tested 5,001 first graders [50.8% boys; mean age 6.76 (0.56) years] of 18 primary schools in Germany. Each year between 441 and 552 students of the same schools were surveyed. Performance tests were taken from the Motorik-Module Study and the "German Motor Ability Test": "6-min run," "push-ups," "20-m sprint," and "static stand." Linear regression models were conducted for statistical analysis. Results: A slightly negative trend in aerobic fitness performance was revealed in boys (beta = -0.050; p = 0.012) but not in girls. In the strength performance test no trend over time was detected. Performance in speed (boys: beta = -0.094; girls: beta = -0.143; p (= 0.001) and balance tests (boys: beta = -0.142; girls: beta = -0.232; p (= 0.001) increased over time for both boys and girls. These findings held true when BMI was considered. Conclusion: This study only partly supported the assumption that motor performance of children has declined: in our study, aerobic fitness declined (only in boys), while strength remained stable and speed and balance even increased in both sexes. Moreover, it seems as if BMI can explain changes in performance only to a small extent. Changed lifestyles might be a substantial cause. Further research on recent trends of motor performance and interacting variables is needed to support the results of our study and to provide more knowledge on causes of these trends. (Autor).
Erfasst von	Bundesinstitut für Sportwissenschaft, Bonn
Update	2018/2