Exceptional Lexical Skills but Executive Language Deficits in School Starters and Young Adults with Turners Syndrome: Implications for X Chromosome Effects on Brain Function

Autor/inn/en	Temple, Christine M.; Shephard, Elizabeth E.
Titel	Exceptional Lexical Skills but Executive Language Deficits in School Starters and Young Adults with Turners Syndrome: Implications for X Chromosome Effects on Brain Function
Quelle	In: Brain and Language, 120 (2012) 3, S.345-359 (15 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0093-934X
DOI	10.1016/j.bandl.2011.12.001
Schlagwörter	Young Adults; Language Acquisition; Rhyme; Semantics; Language Impairments; Expressive Language; Standardized Tests; Vocabulary; Perceptual Development; Phonemes; Naming; Sentences; Word Recognition; Brain Hemisphere Functions; Cognitive Development; Genetic Disorders; Clinical Evaluation of Language Functions + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Young adult; Junger Erwachsener; Sprachaneignung; Spracherwerb; Reim; Semantik; Speech disorder; Speech disorders; Speech disabilities; Speech disability; Speech handicap; Speech handicaps; Speech impairment; Speech impairments; Language handicaps; Sprachbehinderung; Standadised tests; Standardisierter Test; Wortschatz; Wahrnehmungsentwicklung; Fonem; Sentence analysis; Satzanalyse; Worterkennung; Kognitive Entwicklung
Abstract	TS school starters had enhanced receptive and expressive language on standardised assessment (CELF-P) and enhanced rhyme judgements, spoonerisms, and lexical decision, indicating enhanced phonological skills and word representations. There was marginal but consistent advantage across lexico-semantic tasks. On executive tasks, speeded naming of numbers was impaired but not pictures. Young TS adults had enhanced naming and receptive vocabulary, indicating enhanced semantic skills. There were consistent deficits in executive language: phonemic oral fluency, rhyme fluency, speeded naming of pictures, numbers and colours; sentence completion requiring supression of prepotent responses. Haploinsufficiency of X-chromosome drives mechanisms that affect the anatomical and neurochemical development of the brain, resulting in enhanced temporal lobe aspects of language. These strengths co-exist with impaired development of frontal lobe executive language systems. This means not only that these elements of language can decouple in development but that their very independence is driven by mechanisms linked to the X-chromosome. (Contains 11 tables.) (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10