Theories of Spoken Word Recognition Deficits in Aphasia: Evidence from Eye-Tracking and Computational Modeling

Autor/inn/en	Mirman, Daniel; Yee, Eiling; Blumstein, Sheila E.; Magnuson, James S.
Titel	Theories of Spoken Word Recognition Deficits in Aphasia: Evidence from Eye-Tracking and Computational Modeling
Quelle	In: Brain and Language, 117 (2011) 2, S.53-68 (16 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	0093-934X
DOI	10.1016/j.bandl.2011.01.004
Schlagwörter	Eye Movements; Perceptual Impairments; Aphasia; Competition; Rhyme; Word Recognition; Correlation; Oral Language; Control Groups; Simulation; Language Processing; Effect Size; Brain Hemisphere Functions; Computational Linguistics; Auditory Perception + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Augenbewegung; Perceptual handicaps; Wahrnehmungsstörung; Expressive Aphasie; Aphasie; Wettkampf; Reim; Worterkennung; Korrelation; Oral interpretation; Mündlicher Sprachgebrauch; Simulation program; Simulationsprogramm; Sprachverarbeitung; Linguistics; Computerlinguistik; Auditive Wahrnehmung; Akustische Wahrnehmung; Akustik
Abstract	We used eye-tracking to investigate lexical processing in aphasic participants by examining the fixation time course for rhyme (e.g., "carrot-parrot") and cohort (e.g., "beaker-beetle") competitors. Broca's aphasic participants exhibited larger rhyme competition effects than age-matched controls. A re-analysis of previously reported data (Yee, Blumstein, & Sedivy, 2008) confirmed that Wernicke's aphasic participants exhibited larger cohort competition effects. Individual-level analyses revealed a negative correlation between rhyme and cohort competition effect size across both groups of aphasic participants. Computational model simulations were performed to examine which of several accounts of lexical processing deficits in aphasia might account for the observed effects. Simulation results revealed that slower deactivation of lexical competitors could account for increased cohort competition in Wernicke's aphasic participants; auditory perceptual impairment could account for increased rhyme competition in Broca's aphasic participants; and a perturbation of a parameter controlling selection among competing alternatives could account for both patterns, as well as the correlation between the effects. In light of these simulation results, we discuss theoretical accounts that have the potential to explain the dynamics of spoken word recognition in aphasia and the possible roles of anterior and posterior brain regions in lexical processing and cognitive control. (As Provided).
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Update	2017/4/10