Review of Visual Speech Perception by Hearing and Hearing-Impaired People: Clinical Implications

Autor/inn/en	Woodhouse, Lynn; Hickson, Louise; Dodd, Barbara
Titel	Review of Visual Speech Perception by Hearing and Hearing-Impaired People: Clinical Implications
Quelle	In: International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 44 (2009) 3, S.253-270 (18 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1368-2822
Schlagwörter	Deafness; Infants; Adults; Auditory Perception; Brain; Reading Skills; Speech; Speech Language Pathology; Speech Therapy; Lipreading; Diagnostic Tests; Speech Impairments; Cognitive Processes; Intervention; Cues; Rhyme; Hearing Impairments + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Gehörlosigkeit; Taubstummheit; Infant; Toddler; Toddlers; Kleinkind; Auditive Wahrnehmung; Akustische Wahrnehmung; Akustik; Gehirn; Reading skill; Lesefertigkeit; Speaking; Sprechen; Entwicklungsproximale Sprachtherapie; Logotherapie; Lippenlesen; Diagnostic test; Diagnostischer Test; Speech impairment; Speech handicap; Speech handicaps; Language handicps; Language impairments; Sprachbehinderung; Cognitive process; Kognitiver Prozess; Stichwort; Reim; Hearing impairment; Hörbehinderung
Abstract	Background: Speech perception is often considered specific to the auditory modality, despite convincing evidence that speech processing is bimodal. The theoretical and clinical roles of speech-reading for speech perception, however, have received little attention in speech-language therapy. Aims: The role of speech-read information for speech perception is evaluated by considering evidence from hearing infants and adults, people with speech disorders, and those born profoundly hearing impaired. Methods & Procedures: Research studies are evaluated for evidence on lip-reading for speech perception: the mandatory role of speech-reading for hearing adults' perception of the McGurk effect and hearing infants' awareness of the congruence between lip movements and speech sounds; brain neuroimaging studies of speech-read and heard speech perception; the speech-reading abilities of people with disordered speech; and the phonological coding abilities of people with profound pre-lingual hearing loss. Theories of multimodal speech perception are explained. Main Contributions: Five pieces of evidence indicate that speech-reading is an integral part of speech processing. Hearing people's perception of speech is influenced by speech-read cues, and those speech-read cues cannot be ignored. Infants are aware that lip movements and speech sounds match from soon after birth and by four months of age have language specific speech-reading skills. Studies of brain activity show that the brain processes speech-read and heard speech similarly. Some children and adults with speech disorders are reported to rely less on speech-read cues than people without speech disorders, and children who are profoundly hearing impaired from birth have concepts of rhyme, match homophones, and can repeat and spell nonsense words. Conclusions & Implications: Speech-reading, a mandatory part of speech perception, should be appropriately assessed and be considered when developing strategies for speech and language intervention. (Contains 1 note.) (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2017/4/10