Age Differences in Processes Underlying Hindsight Bias: A Life-Span Study

Autor/inn/en	Pohl, Rüdiger F.; Bayen, Ute J.; Arnold, Nina; Auer, Tina-Sarah; Martin, Claudia
Titel	Age Differences in Processes Underlying Hindsight Bias: A Life-Span Study
Quelle	In: Journal of Cognition and Development, 19 (2018) 3, S.278-300 (23 Seiten) PDF als Volltext Verfügbarkeit
Sprache	englisch
Dokumenttyp	gedruckt; online; Zeitschriftenaufsatz
ISSN	1524-8372
DOI	10.1080/15248372.2018.1476356
Schlagwörter	Age Differences; Cognitive Processes; Memory; Bias; Prior Learning; Inhibition; Children; Adolescents; Young Adults; Older Adults; Accuracy; Recall (Psychology); Foreign Countries; Questionnaires; Statistical Analysis; Age Groups; Germany + Suchen Sie Ihr Suchwort? Age; Difference; Age difference; Altersunterschied; Cognitive process; Kognitiver Prozess; Gedächtnis; Vorkenntnisse; Hemmung; Child; Kind; Kinder; Adolescent; Adolescence; Adoleszenz; Jugend; Jugendalter; Jugendlicher; Young adult; Junger Erwachsener; Älterer Erwachsener; Abberufung; Ausland; Fragebogen; Statistische Analyse; Age grop; Altersgruppe; Deutschland
Abstract	Hindsight bias is the tendency to overestimate one's prior knowledge of a fact or event after learning the actual fact. Recent research has suggested that age-related differences in hindsight bias may be based on age-related differences in inhibitory control. We tested whether this explanation held for 3 cognitive processes assumed to underlie hindsight bias: recollection bias, reconstruction bias, and the tendency to adopt newly acquired knowledge as old. We performed a typical hindsight-bias study with 9-year-olds, 12-year-olds, young adults, and older adults. Participants first gave numerical judgments to difficult almanac questions. They later received the correct judgments for some of the questions while trying to recall their own earlier judgments. To experimentally test the impact of inhibitory control, the correct judgment was presented either in a weak or in a strong manner that was difficult to ignore. Hindsight bias was larger in the strong condition than in the weak condition and followed a U-shaped life-span pattern with young adults showing the least hindsight bias in line with an inhibitory-control explanation. Yet, the mixture of underlying processes differed considerably between age groups, so inhibitory control did not suffice as a sole explanation of age differences. (As Provided).
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Erfasst von	ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), Washington, DC
Update	2020/1/01